How Many Cc's of Penicillin Can You Give a 3 Week Baby Pig
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Treating disease in nursery and finishing pigs can be trying. Producers and service men are often left to choose proper antibiotic treatment with little information. Applicable or not, most treatment is usually based only on someone�s past experience. Following is a six-step guide to aid treatment decisions. The guide is simple. The first step determines what part of the pigs is diseased. The next decision separates sudden death from routine treatment. Then, antibiotic choices are automatically eliminated that have extreme withdrawal times, can not reach the site of infection, or are not likely to work. Fourth, remaining antibiotics are rated by likelihood to work. Fifth, withdrawal time and prescription status is affirmed. Last, antibiotic costs are considered.
There are four locations to differentiate. The locations are the skin, a joint, a respiratory location, or an enteric location.
� Skin - Skin disease usually looks like dark patches on the neck or back. The disease is called �greasy pig disease�. The pigs do not scratch as they do with mange.
� Joints � Swollen and enlarged joints are easy to notice visually, especially as lame pigs are separated.
� Respiratory Location � A respiratory disease is found primarily in the upper body cavity where the lungs are located. It is best to distinguish respiratory disease from digestive disease by opening several dead pigs. Respiratory disease will show signs in the upper cavity and maybe in the lower cavity. An upper cavity respiratory indicator is pneumonia in the lungs. Pneumonia is characterized by portions of lung that are hard, hold no air, and do not float when an affected piece of lung is placed in water. Another upper cavity indicator is fibrin. Fibrin has the form of strands of fine material on and between lungs, heart, and cavity walls. The material looks like spider webs. Sometimes a gelatinous substance will be found with fibrin if the disease is severe. Fibrin and gelatin will sometimes be found in the lower cavity also.
� Digestive Location � A digestive disease is found primarily in the lower body cavity where the intestines are located. Enteric disease shows no signs in the upper cavity and may not show anything in the lower cavity. When enteric signs are present in lower cavity, the indicator is usually a thickened intestinal wall.
� Routine Treatment - Routine situations usually involve finding and treating a few individual pigs. Routine is normal daily nursery and finishing treatment. Routine disease infrequently requires water medication. Skin disease and joint enlargements should always be routine treatment of individual pigs by injection. Should either show as a prevalent problem in pigs, ask for help.
� Sudden Death - Enteric and respiratory disease have variations of routine and sudden diseases. Sudden death is characterized by finding healthy pigs suddenly dead, often showing red or blue tinted discoloration on the lower abdomen or ears.
The charts in the next step include antibiotic choices for different locations and conditions. These charts originally considered 12 legally available injectable antibiotics and 17 water-soluble antibiotics. Several antibiotic choices are excluded from the charts for the following reasons.
� Extreme Withdrawal Times - Gentocin (Garacin) Injectable is not included as the compound stays in kidneys. Withdrawal time in nursery and finishing pigs can reach as long as 180 days.
� Injectable Sulfa Products � Injectable sulfas are irritating and often do not act as sensitivity tests predict. These products have fallen from most swine treatment inventories over the years.
� Poor Oral Absorption � Gentocin (Garacin), Neomycin (NeoMix, Biosol), Apramycin (Apralan), and Spectinomycin (Spectam, LS50) are absorbed from oral intake at rates that are less than 25%. Most are less than 12% in normal conditions. If the target is the digestive tract, then absorption from the tract is not an issue. However, water-soluble and feed grade antibiotics that are not absorbed from the intestine will never be blood borne or available to treat respiratory locations. Lincocin is reported in the charts when sensitivity is adequate. Lincocin is less than 50% absorbed orally.
� Oral Penicillins � Water-soluble and feed grade penicillins are not includes as less than 15% of these products move pass stomach acid intact. Acid degraded penicillin is not available for absorption. The synthetic penicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin) are unaffected by stomach acid and are included as a choice.
� Antibiotic Resistance � The charts do not include antibiotics that were ineffective against particular organisms on over two thirds of laboratory testing. The included antibiotics were effective 33.3% to 100%. The rating system of antibiotic effectiveness scales from 0 to 10, corresponding to 33.3% to 100%. The rating of predicted antibiotic effectiveness was based on combined fiscal �99 test results from three major US diagnostic laboratories.
The following charts guide antibiotic selection based on laboratory effectiveness of products that remained after step 3.
B. Sudden Death � Respiratory sudden death is charted in two categories based on presence or absence of an additional finding in opened pigs and noting downer pigs in an affected group. The additional finding in opened pigs is infarction. Infarcts are big (11/2 inch to 3 inches across) deep black, well circumscribed, hard areas in the middle to upper portions of the lung. Infarcts form when the blood vessels that feed an area of the lung are plugged. A spherical tissue area around the plugged artery fills with fluid and blackened blood. Infarcts are a sign of App (Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia). Infarcts are not seen with the other primary causes of respiratory sudden death, Hps (Hemophilus parasuis) and Ss (Strep suis). Hps and Ss may produce a few downer pigs, but not always. Downer pigs may paddle their legs.
| Drug | Cephalothin | Trimethaprim Sulfa | Sulfachloro ���������� pyridazine | Tiamulin |
| Product | Cephalexin (Pediatric) | SMZ-TMP (Pediatric) | Vetasulid | Denagard |
| Rating | 9.8 | 9.8 | 7.6 | 7.0 |
B. Thin Pigs in �Fall-Behind� Pens � These pigs are usually in hospital pens longer than a week. They eat little and are frail, but seem to survive. Many of these thin pigs have salmonella infections. They show some response to daily injections given every day for about 10 days. There are always a few of these in a group. Get help if the quantity of these pigs appears to increase. Another cause of thin fall-behind pigs is chronic ileitis. Diagnostic labs do not grow the organism, so no antibiotic sensitivities are available. It is known that ileitis responds to Naxcel, Tylan, Denagard, Lincocin, and Tetracyclines. The only antibiotic indicated by the chart to cover salmonella and ileitis is Naxcel (Exonel).
| Drug | Trimethaprim Sulfa | Cephalothin | Spectinomycin | Apramycin | Neomycin | Sulfachloro ������� pyridazine |
| Product | SMZ-TMP (Pediatric) | Cephalexin (Pediatric) | Spectam LS50 | Apralan | NeoMix Biosol | Vetasulid |
| Rating | 10 | 10 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 4.0 | .7 |
C. Sudden Death � There is one type of salmonella that can invade through the blood stream and cause sudden death. Salmonella cholerasuis is known for losses of healthy pigs with discoloration on ears and bellies. Opening dead pigs reveals little in either cavity. Get help when this condition is suspicioned.
| Drug | Cetiofur | Spectinomycin | Florfenicol |
| Product | Naxcel Exonel | Spectam LS50 | Nuflor |
| Rating | 9.9 | 6.4 | 4.5 |
| Drug | Trimethaprim Sulfa | Apramycin | Cephalothin | Neomycin | Spectinomycin |
| Product | SMZ-TMP (Pediatric) | Apralan | Cephalexin (Pediatric) | NeoMix Biosol | Spectam LS50 |
| Rating | 10 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 6.4 |
5. Withdrawal Time and Prescription Status
A. Injectables
� Ampicillin (Polyflex)
Prescription Required � Use as directed by herd or company veterinarian
Common: 225 cc. sterile water to 25 grams, inject at 1 cc. to 20#
Withdrawal Time � 18 Days (Careful: Companies, packers, veterinarians may vary)
� Ceftiofur (Naxcel, Exonel)
Prescription Required � Use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian
Exonel:1.35 to 2.25 mg./Lb. Administer 1 cc. to 25 Lb. Body weight.
Naxcel for the Finisher: Dilute a 4 gram vial with 80 cc. of sterile water. Administer 1 cc. to 25 Lb. Body weight.
Naxcel for the Nursery: Estimate the average body weight of pig group to be treated. Divide 4400 by the average body weight to find the cc. of sterile water to add to a 4 gram vial. After dilution give 2 cc. to the average pig
Withdrawal Time � None
� Erythromycin (Gallamycin)
No prescription required. Administer 1 cc. to 50 lbs. Body weight.
Withdrawal Time � 6 Days, Allow 14 days to clear swelling. (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Florfenicol (Nuflor)
Prescription Required � Use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian
Withdrawal Time � 30 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Lincocin (Linco 300, Linco 100)
No presciption required. Administer 1 cc. of Linco 100 to 20 lbs. Body weight. Administer 1 cc. of Linco 300 to 60 lbs. Body weight.
Withdrawal Time � 2 Days(Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Oxytetracycline 200 mg. (LA 200)
Presciption required � Use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian. Recommended at 1 cc. to 22#. One dose is known to last several days.
Withdrawal Time � 28 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary.
Packers that export may require 28 days.)
� Oxytetracycline 100 mg. (Biomycin C)
No presciption required � Best to use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian. Recommended at 1 cc. to 20#.
Withdrawal Time � 14 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary.
Packers that export may require 28 days.)
� Penicillin (Pfi-Pen G, Pen-Aqueous)
No presciption required for low labeled dose.
Prescription required for off-label dose. Use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian.
Off-Label Withdrawal Time � 14 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Spectinomycin (Spectam Scour Halt, Spectam 100, LS50)
Prescription Required � Use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian
Withdrawal Time � 28 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Tylan (Tylan 200, Tylan 50)
No presciption required for low labeled dose.
Prescription required for off-label dose. Use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian.
Off-Label Withdrawal Time � 18 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
B. Water-Solubles
� Amoxicillin (7.5 gram Pediatric Suspension)
Prescription Required � Use only as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian. Controversial off-label application.
Withdrawal Time � 18 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Apramycin (Apralan Soluable Powder)
� Cephalothin Pediatric Suspension (Cephalexin 250 Mg. Suspension)
Prescription Required � Use only as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian. Controversial off-label application.
Withdrawal Time � 21 Days, Controversial. Use only if directed by veterinarian.
� Chlorotetacycline Soluble (CTC Soluble)
No prescription required when used at labeled dose � Best to use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian.
Withdrawal Time � 14 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary.
Packers that export may require 28 days.)
� Gentamicin Soluble (Gen-Guard, Garacin Powder)
No prescription required when used at labeled dose. Use only in Week 1 to Week 3 of nursery phase. Do not use on older animals as a small amount may be absorbed and stay in the kidney for 6 months. Best to use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian.
Withdrawal Time � 14 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Lincocin (Linco Soluable Powder)
No prescription required. Administer by label directions.
Withdrawal Time � 2 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Neomycin Soluble (Neomix 325, Biosol)
No prescription required when used at labeled dose � Best to use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian.
Withdrawal Time � 20 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Oxytetacycline Soluble (Terramycin)
No prescription required when used at labeled dose � Best to use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian.
Withdrawal Time � 14 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary.
Packers that export may require 28 days.)
� Potassium Penicillin (K Penicillin)
Prescription Required � Use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian. Not included in charts as product is degraded by stomach acid. Little is absorbed.
Withdrawal Time � 14 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Spectinomycin (Spectam Scour Halt, LS50)
Prescription Required � Use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian
Withdrawal Time � 28 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Sulfachloropyridazine (Vetusulid)
No prescription required. Administer by label directions.
Withdrawal Time � Be careful. Assure that packers is consulted as any sulfa may be an export issue. 21 days may be inadequate if product is not acceptable.
� Sulfadimethoxine (Albon, Agribon)
No prescription required. Administer by label directions.
Withdrawal Time � Be careful. Assure that packers is consulted as any sulfa may be an export issue. 21 days may be inadequate if product is not acceptable.
� Sulfathiazole - Substitute Sulfamethazine (Sulmet)
No prescription required. Administer by label directions.
Withdrawal Time � Be careful. Assure that packers is consulted as any sulfa may be an export issue. 21 days may be inadequate if product is not acceptable.
� Tetracycline Soluble (TetraBac)
No prescription required when used at labeled dose � Best to use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian.
Withdrawal Time � 14 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary.
Packers that export may require 28 days.)
� Tiamulin (Denagard Powder, Denagard 12.3% Concentrate)
No prescription required when used for labeled purpose at labeled dose. Best to use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian.
Withdrawal Time � 15 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
� Trimethoprim/Sulfa (SMZ-TMP Pediatric Suspension)
Prescription Required � Use only as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian. Controversial off-label application.
Withdrawal Time � 28 Days, Controversial. Use only if directed by veterinarian.
� Tylosin (Tylan Soluble Powder)
No presciption required for labeled dose. Prescription required for any off-label dose. Use as directed by herd veterinarian or company veterinarian.
Withdrawal Time � 18 Days (Careful: Companies and packers may vary)
6. Approximate Drug Costs
Prices can differ greatly depending on quantity purchased and timing. These prices are not highly accurate or meant to be a pricing guide. They are to be interpreted relative to each other to aid in treatment selection.
A. Injectables
� Ampicillin (Polyflex): About $.25 per 50 pounds of body weight
� Ceftiofur (Naxcel, Exonel): About $1.00 per 50 pounds of body weight
� Erythromycin (Gallamycin): About $.10 per 50 pounds of body weight
� Florfenicol (Nuflor): About $.65 per 50 pounds of body weight
� Lincocin (Linco 300, Linco 100): About $.20 per 50 pounds of body weight
� Oxytetracycline 200 mg. (LA 200): About $.20 per 50 pounds of body weight
� Oxytetracycline 100 mg. (Biomycin C): About $.10 per 50 pounds of body weight
� Penicillin (Pfi-Pen G, Pen-Aqueous, Procaine G): About $.15 per 50 pounds of body weight
� Spectinomycin (Spectam Scour Halt, Spectam 100, LS50): About $.10 per 50 pounds of body weight
� Tylan (Tylan 200, Tylan 50): About $.10 per 50 pounds of body weight
B. Water-Solubles
Costs are estimated for one gallon of stock solution. One gallon of stock solution will deliver 128 gallons of treated water after application through a line medicator.
� Amoxicillin (7.5 gram Pediatric Suspension): About $7.00 per gallon of stock solution.
� Apramycin (Apralan Soluable Powder): About $18.00 per gallon of stock
� Cephalothin Pediatric Suspension (Cephalexin 250 Mg. Suspension): About $6.00 per gallon of stock
� Chlorotetacycline Soluble (CTC Soluble): About $10.00 per gallon of stock
� Gentamicin Soluble (Gen-Guard, Garacin Powder): About $5.00 per gallon of stock
� Lincocin (Lincomix 80 Soluable Powder): About $20.00 per gallon of stock
� Neomycin Soluble (Neomix 325, Biosol): About $10.00 per gallon of stock
� Oxytetacycline Soluble (Terramycin): About $11.00 per gallon of stock
� Potassium Penicillin (K Penicillin): About $22.00 per gallon of stock solution.
� Spectinomycin (Spectam Scour Halt, LS50): About $14.00 per gallon of stock solution.
� Sulfachloropyridazine (Vetasulid): About $19.00 per gallon of stock
� Sulfadimethoxine (Albon, Agribon): About $16.00 per gallon of stock
� Sulfathiazole: Substitute Sulfamethazine (Sulmet): About $13.00 per gallon of stock
� Tetracycline Soluble (TetraBac): About $7.00 per gallon of stock
� Tiamulin (Denagard Powder, Denagard 12.3% Concentrate): About $18.00 per gallon of stock solution.
� Trimethoprim/Sulfa (SMZ-TMP Pediatric Suspension): About $6.00 per gallon of stock solution.
� Tylosin (Tylan Soluble Powder): About $10.00 per gallon of stock solution.
How Many Cc's of Penicillin Can You Give a 3 Week Baby Pig
Source: https://projects.ncsu.edu/project/swine_extension/healthyhogs/book2000/roberts.htm
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